Feedback

In motor learning, simply any and all information received by the learner. Feedback is considered by motor learning researchers to be the second most important variable in motor learning, bested only by practice itself. There are many divisions of feedback; the most significant are:

• ●  feedback, intrinsic: also called inherent feedback, this type is produced by the learners’own bodies that provide them with sensory information when executing a motor skill.
• ●  feedback, extrinsic: this type of feedback provided by an outside source; also called augmented feedback (see feedback, augmented, dimensions of). Extrinsic feedback can be provided by a coach or trainer, or by an artificial source; in voice training, artificial extrinsic feedback is typically provided by a video recorder or computer voice analysis.
• ●  feedback, augmented: Information provided by an outside source, often verbal feedback proffered by a teacher; sometimes called extrinsic feedback. There are many dimensions of augmented feedback studied in motor research, which include:
  • ○  concurrent (given during movement) versus terminal (given after movement)
  • ○  immediate (given immediately after movement) versus delayed (delayed in time)
  • ○  knowledge of performance. A type of augmented feedback about the quality of an action but which does not indicate success in meeting a targeted goal. An example is a teacher telling a student, “Your jaw was tight on the high note.” Also called kinematic feedback in motor learning research.
  • ○  knowledge of results. A type of augmented feedback about the success of an action relative to its goal, without providing feedback on the process. An example is a teacher telling a student, “You sang the pitches of that phrase accurately.”

Authored by: Paige De La O