Axial Musculoskeletal Structures

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The axial musculature arises on the axial skeleton of the trunk. These core structures stabilize the vertebral spine and rib cage, assisting in respiration. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral spine, sacrum and coccyx, the ribs and sternum, as well as the hyoid bone and auditory ossicles.[1]

  1. "NATS July 2022 Pedagogy Workshop Working Group Three Science-Informed Terminology and Definitions for Voice Pedagogy" (PDF). Science-Informed Voice Pedagogy Resources. Retrieved January 15, 2025.

Authored by: Paige De La O

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